Universal Command and Control Language Early System Engineering Study: Performance Effects of a Universal Command andControl Standard

Command and control (C2) of military capabilities in the late 20th and early 21st centuries require linking, synchronizing, and directing multiple complex systems under tight time constraints, all while under attack by the enemy. The consequences of failure are severe. At the tactical and operational levels, systems that do not work well together cannot bring their full capabilities to bear or may even malfunction and causecollateral damage. At the strategic level, a malfunctioning system of systems (SoS) canresult in catastrophic battlefield losses.