Optimization of a Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for Two Frequency Bands

The objective of this project is to gain a better understanding of the various techniques that can be used to improve the performance of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. These adjustments include tuning the feed point along different positions on the surface of the patch, analyzing assorted dielectric materials with differing dielectric constants, and optimizing the axial ratio based on the geometry of a circularly polarized patch. Testing the feed point in various locations on the patch allows the designer to improve the S11 and radiation pattern - a peak broadside polar radiation plot is anticipated for optimum performance. Using a high permittivity dielectric lowers the resonant frequency of the patch, allowing the designer to shrink the size of the patch. Altering the patch geometry and optimizing the axial ratio by using a notching technique allows the designer to choose from multiple polarization types. With empirical simulations via the High Frequency Structural Simulator HFSS, expanding this idea for future research will result in producing a scalable multiband microstrip antenna.