Evaluation of Ox66 Ingestion for Improvement of Oxygenation During Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Hemorrhagic shock due to trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality on the battlefield. Providing optimal fluid resuscitation options will improve outcomes following severe trauma. A resuscitation fluid, or combination of fluids, that retains the desirable properties of whole blood are needed: These properties include fluid volume replacement, coagulation factors, and oxygen delivery. Ox66 is a novel, aluminum hydroxide compound that forms a clathrate that contains molecular oxygen. This oxygen can be delivered to oxygen deprived tissue sites during hemorrhagic shock. However, Ox66 is not refilled after releasing oxygen, and it does not carry waste products such as carbon dioxide. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of Ox66 in a hemorrhagic shock swine model with regards to survival, oxygen status measurements, and hemodynamics. Male, swine had up to 40 percent of blood was removed over a 30-minute period to simulate hemorrhagic shock. One gram per kilogram Ox66 was delivered directly to the animal's stomach through oral gavage. A second dose of Ox66 was given one hour later. Control animals were treated similarly except they were given water through gavage following hemorrhage. There were no significant differences between groups at baseline and only pH was significantly different following hemorrhage. Survival between groups was not significantly different by Fishers exact test (p=0.999) or by log rank analysis (p=0.819) with 60 percent of control and 67 percent of Ox66-treated animals surviving to the end of observation. Secondary outcome measures (mixed venous oxygen saturation, blood pressure, peripheral blood oxygen saturation, partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, and tissue oxygenation) were not significantly different between groups as analyzed by ANOVA.