Integrating Intermediate Force Capabilities Into Wargames

Intermediate force capabilities (IFCs) - a suite of systems that includes non-lethal weapons, electromagnetic warfare, cyber, and information operations - can be highly valuable in military operations because they are able to achieve military objectives with less harm to people and infrastructure. Yet military decisionmakers have far less understanding of how these capabilities can be used in an operational context compared with traditional lethal weapons. Wargames offer an opportunity to change that. Through their immersive, interactive, and competitive nature, wargames can allow players to grapple with new challenges and provide unique insights into human behavior.