Quantum Technology: Promise, Peril, and Possibility

A second revolution in quantum technology is coming. The potential innovations and capabilities are exquisite, but the basic technology is still undeveloped. This provides policymakers time to grapple with and mitigate the problematic aspects of these technologies. This paper examines the future of quantum technology and argues that government has three essential roles in shaping that future. First, it has an interest in developing quantum technologies. It should invest in basic and applied research to ensure a healthy ecosystem of innovation and prevent a quantum surprise from competitor countries. Second, the government will be crucial to establishing norms and rules governing some applications of quantum technologies, especially ones that must balance government responsibility with individual liberty. Finally, quantum technology has a tremendous potential to cause social disruption. The government will be necessary to lead through transition and prevent or mitigate the worst outcomes while reaching for the potential to create a new order for human flourishing.