The Treatment of Hemorrhage.

This report summarizes the second years experience The Treatment of Hemorrhage. Variables potentially contributing to avoidable death during massive transfusion were studied in a controlled setting in pigs. Infusion of citrate in the form of the most commonly used anticoagulant for liquid stored whole blood CPD was carried out for two and one-half hours at a rate equivalent to 2 mls. whole bloodKg body weightminute. Animals were studied for about one hour control period before and for a 90 minute recovery period after infusion as well. Twelve or 13 samples of blood and six or seven samples of urine were collected on each pig surviving the full period of the experiment, with 24 variables directly measured at each sampling of blood and eight at each sampling of urine, and an additional 13 values derived from these measured variables. Infusion of citrate alone was studied, and various combinations of citrate with added potassium K, hemorrhage, or hypothermia, all in fixed doses, simulating clinical massive transfusion.