Free Space Optical Communication in the Military Environment

Free Space Optical FSO communications use modulated collimated light energy, usually in the form of an infrared IR laser, to transmit data. This affords FSO many appealing qualities such as a very high bandwidth capability, a high level of security through a low probability of detection LPD and a low probability of intercept LPI, and a signal that is impervious to radio frequency RF interference or regulation. Military communications require broadband capabilities at the highest level of security in an incredibly dense RF operating environment. The bandwidth and security qualities of FSO make it an attractive technology for military communications. However, a strict line of sight LOS requirement and link attenuation in poor atmospheric conditions limit its application. Several companies are developing and implementing FSO communication solutions worldwide in response to a demand for broadband connectivity without RF interference at a relatively low price point. Recent advances in hybrid FSO-RF systems have improved performance in all atmospheric conditions. This research conducts a survey of the current state of FSO communications and analyzes its suitability as a military communication solution. The findings indicate further research, development, and link performance improvement is required before actual implementation of FSO communications can occur.