Self-Assessment: Review and Implications for Training

Across the spectrum of self-assessment research, a topic of debate concerns the accuracy by which individuals can evaluate their own performance. While some research has found self-assessment to be an effective measure, the majority typically found it to be an under- or over-estimation of actual performance. Although the accuracy of self-assessment has seen skepticism, benefits have been well documented. The current review is the result of examination concerning self-assessment accuracy and utility. The literature was searched to evaluate the ability of traineesjob incumbentsstudents to accurately report their level of ability or performance. Upon examination of the self-assessment accuracy literature, problems arose concerning terminology and differential utilization of self-assessment. This review reports that self-assessment, as currently used, is generally inaccurate but given appropriate consideration of the moderating variables and clarification of terminology, self-assessment accuracy could increase. The Army should utilize a continuum of self-assessment, considering domain and skill level as determinant factors. Self-grading could be useful for the introduction and training of new skills. Self-impression may be useful for assessing Soldiers confidence, self-perception of personality or traits, and continuous performance appraisal. Implementation of the continuum has potential to improve training quality and skill retention throughout the Army.