Civil-Military Operations: Joint Doctrine and the Malayan Emergency

How should the Armed Forces organize to work with civil authorities in military operations other than war MOOTW The British experience during the Malayan Emergency from 1948 to 1960 was a case in which doctrine was wanting yet the deficiency was offset by innovation and common sense. Success in countering the communist insurgency in Malaya can be attributed to many factors, especially civil-military relations that were forged over time by military, police, and civil leaders. These officials cultivated linkages through hard work under trying conditions. Even though the doctrine found in Joint Pub 3-07, Joint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War, had not been written at the time, the British approach embraced similar principles. In a sense, events in Malaya anticipated the current doctrine.