Command, Control (C2) and Coalition Interoperability Post '911': Introducing the Network Centric Infrastructure for Command Control and Intelligence (NICCI)

EFFORTS TOWARD INTEROPERABILITY, IN EITHER ITS JOINT UNITED STATES CONUS OR COALITION VARIETIES, HAVE EVOLVED SINCE WWII INTO TWO MAIN AREAS OF CONCERN EQUIPMENT STANDARDIZATION AND TRAINING, AND THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES SURROUNDING INTEROPERABILITY AND COMMAND AND CONTROL PROGRESS HAS BEEN SLOW IN BOTH OF THESE AREAS, HOWEVER. THIS PAPER ADDRESSES PROBLEMS OF JOINT AND COALITION INTEROPERABILITY AND COMMAND AND CONTROL IN TERMS OF BOTH OF THESE AREAS, AND INTRODUCES TIME CRITICAL TARGETING TCT CURRENTLY AS A PRIME DRIVER FOR SEEKING CLOSER COALITION INTEROPERABILITY. THE ATTACKS OF 911 AGAINST THE UNITED STATES AND THE WAR ON TERRORISM REEMPHASIZE THE NEED TO IMPLEMENT GREATER INTEROPERABILITY AMONG JOINT AND COALITION FORCES ACROSS STRATEGIC, NATIONAL, MILITARY, AND POLICE INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES, EMERGENCY RESPONDERS, NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS, AS WELL AS JOINT AND COALITION MILITARY BRANCHES. TO MEET THIS NEED, THE DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY DARPA, US NAVY SPACE AND WARFARE SYSTEM SPAWARS, THE US ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY, FORT MONMOUTH, NJ, THE USAF RESEARCH LABORATORY, ROME RESEARCH SITE, ROME, NY, AND THE US JOINT FORCES COMMAND ARE DEVELOPING THE NETWORK CENTRIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COMMAND, CONTROL, AND INTELLIGENCE NICCI.