The Gamma Emission of Radioactive Fallout (Gamma-Izluchenie Radioaktivnykh Vypadenii)

The gamma emission of a radioactive fallout determines, to a considerable extent, the radiation hazard of the fallout. Thus gamma-emission studies will indicate the contamination of an area. This book discusses the production of radioactive fallout as a result of a nuclear explosion and gives the characteristics of the gamma-emitting products, taking into account fractionation of the fission products. The gamma field in the air over a plane isotropic source is calculated the dose rates, intensities, and spectral-angular distributions of the gamma emission in the air above artificial models of contaminated areas are given, for primary emitter energies from 0.32 to 1.69 Mev. The influence of actual conditions roughness of terrain, ground which is not air-equivalent, presence of vegetation, weather conditions on the gamma-emission field is shown. And finally, some methodological questions related to air surveys of the gamma emission of a contaminated area are discussed. This book should be of interest to physicists, engineers, geophysicists, and doctors studying the propagation of nuclear-explosion products, radioactive fallout, and the harmful effects of fallout. Some of the data may prove to be useful in geophysical surveying, for accurate calculations of the radioactive-fallout background. The book includes 28 tables, 223 bibliographic references, and 71 figures.