Microbiological Conditions on Oberon Submarines.

Microbiological conditions on Oberon submarines were examined to gain an insight into the potential effects on submariners health. Samples from submarine atmospheres showed that satisfactory standards could be attained. However, samples taken from surfaces, equipment and materials showed that there was a high risk of the system becoming loaded with, and circulating, unacceptably high concentrations of disease causing microorganisms e.g. Staphylococcus, Legionella, and those associated with allergens and mycotoxins. Bacteria were found to proliferate in condensates in the air conditioning system, and mattress covers microfungi were proliferating on fixtures in the galley, in storage areas and on air filters. These findings indicate some appropriate measures that must be taken to minimise the hazards. The burning of oxygen candles shortly before microbiological sampling appeared to be implicated in the sterilization of the atmosphere and of exposed surfaces. This effect was attributed to the chlorine generated in the process.