Military Personnel Policy Regarding Advancement Requirements
Abstract:
This paper is one in a series of studies concerned with identifying approaches to maintaining a strong military manpower capability during a period of declining budgets and force levels. Its focus is on up-or-out policy, which requires that military personnel either be promoted after a certain period of time in the service or leave the service. We found that surprisingly few individuals actually leave the military due to up-or-out policy. Instead, individuals are forced to switch from operational positions, which many prefer, to managerial positions. This policy may improve personnel flows, thereby enhancing promotion opportunities for the stronger performers. It has also been argued that older individuals lack the physical fitness required to continue in operational positions. Evidence for pilots does not support this hypothesis.