Environmental Impact Research Program: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Section 7.3.1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual.

A plant materials report on alfalfa Medicago sativa is provided as Section 7.3.1 of the US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. The report was prepared as a guide to assist the Corps District or project biologist with the selection, cultivation, and management of suitable plant materials for development of wildlife habitat. Topics covered for alfalfa include description, distribution, habitat requirements, wildlife value, establishment, maintenance, and cautions and limitations. Alfalfa is considered one of the most important forage species in North America, and plants provide food and cover for a variety of wildlife. Distinguishing characteristics of alfalfa are given, ecotypic variation and growth forms are noted. Habitat adaptations are discussed, and soil and moisture requirements are specified. Benefits of managing alfalfa for big game mammals, upland game birds, waterfowl, and nongame species are discussed. Specifications are provided for establishment, including site selection, site preparation, propagule selection, and planting methods. Preestablishment and postestablishment maintenance requirements are discussed, and tolerances to grazing, mowing, irrigation, and disease and insect damage are described.