The Field Production of Water for Injection

The requirement exist within the field Army for on-site production of United States Pharmacopeia water for injection USP WFI without pretreatment, Chloride ion, e.g, is not adequately rejected, even with relatively tight membranes. Furthermore, RO membranes are subject to souling unless provided high quality feed water most are damaged by free available chlorine and rejection of ammonia. If present, is generally poor. The final configuration which has subjected to extended testing at anticipated challenge levels, consists, in sequence, of a 5-micron filter for control of fouling a bed of granular activated carbon for removal of chlorine and trihalomethanes a mixed bed ion exchange resin cartridge and the RO element in double pass configuration. A final 0.2-micron filter provides a last line of defense against microbiological contamination. InjectionsMedicine, Military medicine, Limulus amebocyte Lysate, Air filters, Pyrogen-free water, Reverse osmosis, USP water.