Water Distribution System Optimization.

This report describes the development of a computer program WADISO Water Distribution Systems Optimization which can be used to optimally size pipes in water distribution systems and select optimal pipes for cleaning and lining. The program can also be used as a steady-state simulation program to calculate flows and pressures in pipe networks. The simulation portion of the program uses the node method with sparse matrix techniques to reduce computations. The optimization portion uses a bounded enumeration technique, based on minimizing the sum of pipe installation, pipe cleaning and lining, and present worth of pumping energy costs. Only discrete commercially available pipe sizes are considered. The program can handle any typical water distribution system and includes pumps, pressure reducing valves, multiple pressure zones, and check valves. To use the optimization, the user must also specify costs as a function of pipe diameter or use default costs in the program, minimum pressures, up to five water use loadings, a list of which pipes are to be sized, and a range of sizes to be considered. The program users guide is included as an appendix to the report. Other appendices address how to access the program, how to obtain detailed documentation, the nature of pipe sizing, existing literature on pipe optimization, and a discussion of the relationship of pipe sizing and water distribution performance criteria. Keywords Optimization, Pipe flow, Pipe networks, Pipe sizing, Water conveyance, Water distribution.