Systematic Variations of Instructional Variables on Learner Performance: Aircraft Instrument Comprehension Task.

Incentive, practice, instruction, and feedback were manipulated in a series of four 2 x 2 factorial studies, with AFROTC cadets and graduate students in education, to determine the individual and combined effects of these variables on learner performance of an aircraft instrument comprehensive task. Results are discussed in terms of instruction, as the variable of singular importance in designing materials and procedures to facilitate desired learning outcomes.