Functionalism and the Kaesong Industrial Complex

Functionalist international relations theory provides a useful framework for building foreign policy for peace. In 2010, North Korea allegedly sunk the South Korean warship Cheonan. Surprisingly, international economic activity between North and South Korea continued despite high political tension in which trade between the nations had officially ceased. The mechanism for this continued engagement was the Kaesong Industrial Complex a joint commercial enterprise between North and South Korea that effectively implements functionalist theory and offers a hope for peace. In 1998, years of geographic and political division combined with unique economic and political conditions to enable this joint business enterprise in Kaesong. At least two South Korean presidential administrations intentionally developed functional ties with North Korea to facilitate unifying the fractured country. South Koreas tactical pragmatism provides an opportunity for great strategic gain. By applying functionalism, South Korea aids the North Korean economy while providing a resilient venue for peace. The Kaesong Industrial Complex remained open despite North Korean ballistic missile tests, nuclear detonations and the occasional armed hostilities that closed all other connections. A commercially viable enterprise, Kaesong also relieves political pressure. The Kaesong Industrial Complex reintroduced human rights actions, legal reforms, free trade and political changes in North Korea that wouldnt have otherwise been possible. By improving Korean security, Kaesong helps build favorable conditions for future unification. The Kaesong Industrial Complex showcases the opportunities and limitations of functionalist foreign policy.