Hydraulic Transients in Fluid Systems Installed in Underground Protective Structures.

Existing methods for calculating the forces and pressures resulting from sloshing in containers partially filled with liquids and from pressure waves generated in liquid filled pipelines are evaluated for their applicability to systems exposed to the effects of groundshock induced by nuclear explosions. The significant features of the input to hard- and soft-mounted systems are discussed, analytical methods are reviewed with respect both to their conformity to the requirements of this application and to their usefulness as a design tool, and examples of simple cases are presented. It is concluded that with regard to the sloshing problem, computer solutions to the general equations are required in many cases of practical interest and that further experimental data and possibly new approaches are needed to assist in predicting the peak transient pressures due to waterhammer in complex hydraulic networks. Author