Instrumentality Motivation Theory.

The principles of instrumentality motivation theory are described as they influence the motivational behavior of a common group in society--the industrial worker. Expectation theory, as a closely related concept, is compared with instrumentality motivation theory to bring out the analogous aspects of different approaches towards the same scientific conclusions. To emphasize the comparison, some motivation measuring methods are described along with their usefulness in providing a quantitative dimension to the positive or negative valence of an individual with respect to various motivatiomal stimuli. Cognition and the sources of cognitive dissonance are introduced along with a number of situations presenting practical causes and effects in order to suggest the roles of managers and supervisors in their responsibilities to ameliorate or reverse undesirable behavior among employees. Author