A Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm with Multipole Electrical Relaxation.
Abstract:
Historically, the Lippmann equation was derived to reveal explicit effects of electrical forces on electrocapillary behavior. In spite of the fact that electrical forces and energies arising from multipole interactions adsorption of neutral dipoles, quadrupoles, etc are acknowledged to have great impact on electrocapillary behavior, the consideration of multipole energies has seen only apostiori treatment in prominent papers and texts. A-priori consideration of all multipole forces is simplified if the electric moment per unit area is employed to calculate electrical energies. The resultant modified electrocapillary equation indicates that surface tension maxima should occur a potentials of zero electric moment in agreement with experimental observation. Author