Interpreting Standardized Test Scores.

Principles of test administration, test validity, and accuracy of measurement underlying interpretation of standardized test scores in educational administration, instruction, and guidance are presented. Types of norm-referenced score transformations, including percentiles, standard scores, and grade equivalents, and of criterion referenced scores, including content scales, predicted scores, and expectancies, are described and their applications are illustrated. Special attention is given to multi-scores tests and the representation of their scores as profiles and similarity indexes. Author