EVALUATION OF A PICTORIAL TURN AND BANK INDICATOR.

A subjective evaluation was conducted of a pictorial turn indicator as a replacement for the conventional turn and bank indicator. Results showed that a pictorial turn indicator can replace the turn and bank indicator without any adverse effect, and that the novice VFR pilot or a current IFR pilot can use a pictorial turn indicator alone without confusing it with any other flight instrument. Operationally, all pilot subjects were able to fly the required IFR basic air maneuvers proficiently in both smooth and turbulent air. There were no unusual responses to the unusual maneuvers when the outside-in presentation of a pictorial turn indicator was mixed with the inside-out presentation of the conventional attitude indicator. The low-time VFR pilot, flying solely by instruments demonstrated an ability to perform timed turns with confidence and greater accuracy than when using the conventional turn needle. Author