STUDIES OF THE FORMATION OF PRECIPITATION IN CONVECTION,

The effect of precipitation on the properties of a one-dimensional non-entraining cumulus is studied by numerically integrating the equation of motion and the equation of conservation of water substance. The initial state is taken to be the steady-state solution of the equations in the absence of precipitation. Two models of precipitation development are considered. In the first model, the cloud water is considered to change into rainwater at a prescribed rate, whenever the cloud water content exceeds a given critical value. The raindrops are assumed to have an exponential size distribution and to grow by coalescing with the cloud drops. In the second model, all the cloud water is considered to change, at a given instant, into raindrops of a given fall speed. The main conclusions are 1 a downdraft develops in the lower levels, ii the cloud grows vertically consequent upon the development of precipitation, and iii the updraft and water content execute coupled oscillations. English Results obtained with a new program for the calculation of hail growth are compared with earlier calculations. It is concluded that growth of hail is actually faster than indicated by the earlier results, but the computed hailstones still contain about 80 liquid. The growth equations are fully derived. Author