A STUDY OF EFFECTIVE FENDER SYSTEMS FOR NAVY PIERS AND WHARVES.
Abstract:
A research and field study leads to the conclusion that, for berthing ships up to 20,000 tons displacement, the best fender systems for Navy docks are 1 a modified retractable system for sheltered harbors 2 standard greenheart pile with rubber bearing block at deck level for unsheltered harbors and 3 the Raykin rubber-inshear system for dock corners generally. It is recommended 1 that resilient floating fenders be used for berthing large vessels 2 that the Laboratorys newly proposed HYNEU or HYFOAM fender two rubber bags, one inside the other, the outer filled with water, the inner filled with air or foam be considered for use in either protected or exposed harbors 3 that prototype installations of three proposed fender systems for which specifications are given be tested and 4 that a study be made of incorporating bow-propeller units in newly constructed ships for greater control in berthing. Author