Accession Number:

ADA057970

Title:

Topographical Intelligence and the American Civil War

Descriptive Note:

Final rept.

Corporate Author:

ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS

Personal Author(s):

• Nettesheim, Daniel D.

Report Date:

1978-06-09

Pagination or Media Count:

107.0

Abstract:

This study analyzes the organizational approaches to meet topographical intelligence needs which evolved in the major Federal armies during the Civil War. Research reveals that a topographical problem existed in 1861 which had significant impact on Federal operations early in the war. The primary cause of inadequate military maps was the focus of the Corps of Topographical Engineers from 1816 to 1860. National leaders, as well as many Army generals and the military engineers themselves, supported strong emphasis on civil works and internal improvement. The nature of the war placed a premium on the Norths need for maps. The geographic size of the theater and strategies of opposing commanders were key factors in determining the necessary degree of map detail. Only the Army of the Cumberland developed a formal topographical organization extending from army to brigade level. Its system, with specialization as the cornerstone, was clearly superior to those of the other armies. Ironically, the formal merger of the two engineer corps in 1863 masked the system and reasons for its origin and success, many of which transcend the American Civil War.

Descriptors:

• *MILITARY GEOGRAPHY
• ARMY
• HISTORY
• MAPPING
• MILITARY DOCTRINE
• MILITARY ENGINEERING
• MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES)
• MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS
• TERRAIN INTELLIGENCE
• THESES
• TOPOGRAPHY

Subject Categories:

• Cartography and Aerial Photography

Distribution Statement:

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE