Accession Number:

ADA048569

Title:

Developing the Technology of Probabilistic Inference: Aggregating by Averaging Reduces Conservatism.

Descriptive Note:

Technical rept. Oct 76-Sep 77,

Corporate Author:

DECISIONS AND DESIGNS INC MCLEAN VA

Personal Author(s):

• Eils,Lee C. , III
• Seaver,David A.
• Edwards,Ward

Report Date:

1977-08-01

Pagination or Media Count:

31.0

Abstract:

A relatively large body of research indicates that people are conservative processors of probabilistic information. Recent attention has focussed on two possible explanations of this phenomenon. The misaggregation hypothesis depicts conservatism as an inability to properly combine the information in sequence of data. The other explanation suggests conservatism is the result of a response bias the avoidance of extreme odds or probability judgments. Two experiments explored the use of a specific response, average certainty that was devised to thwart conservatism caused by either a response bias or a certain form of misaggregation. Use of appropriate instructions and response scales made the average certainty judgments good subjective assessments of the arithemetic mean likelihood ratio which could then be used in the appropriate form of Bayes Theorem to calculate posterior odds. These judgments seemed unlikely to be affected by a response bias since extreme responses were not needed. In addition, research has suggested that people are more likely to aggregate information by averaging than by adding or multiplying, so misaggregation may be exhibited only in specific forms of aggregation and may not be present in averaging.

Descriptors:

• *SOCIOMETRICS
• *SOCIAL SCIENCES
• GROUP DYNAMICS
• PERFORMANCE(HUMAN)
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• REGRESSION ANALYSIS
• RESPONSE
• ERRORS
• ASSOCIATIVE PROCESSING
• BAYES THEOREM
• JUDGEMENT(PSYCHOLOGY)
• BIAS
• INFORMATION PROCESSING

Subject Categories:

• Sociology and Law
• Psychology

Distribution Statement:

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE