Accession Number:

AD1036442

Title:

Insulin and Brain Injury: Memory, Metabolism and Microglia

Descriptive Note:

Technical Report

Corporate Author:

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda United States

Personal Author(s):

• Brabazon,Fiona P.

Report Date:

2016-05-20

Pagination or Media Count:

161.0

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury TBI may result in long term learning and memory dysfunction. The cognitive deficits are the result of cellular and metabolic dysfunction that occurs after injury, including neuronal cell death, decreased cerebral glucose uptake and inflammation. To date, no therapeutic intervention has successfully addressed these post injury deficits. The goals of this study were to provide insight into the mechanism of post-injury cerebral metabolism, assess the ability of intranasal insulin to increase cerebral glucose uptake, memory and learning function after injury, and examine insulins effect on microglia mediated inflammation. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a moderate controlled cortical impact CCI injury or isoflurane and were sacrificed at 24 hours post procedure. The protein levels of glucose transporters GLUTs 1, 3, and 4 as well as insulin receptor IR were examined in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. No significant change in IR or GLUT expression was observed in the ipsilateral cortex hippocampus, or cerebellum at 24 hours post injury compared to uninjured controls. To further examine the role of insulin after TBI, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a moderate controlled cortical impact CCI injury followed by intranasal insulin or saline treatment beginning 4 hours post-injury and continuing with daily administration for 14 days. Positron emission tomography PET of fluorodeoxyglucose 18F-FDG uptake was performed prior to injury and at 48 hours and 10 days post-injury. Motor function was tested using the beam and peg board walking test. Learning and memory function was assessed using the Morris water maze. Tissue was collected for assessment of macrophage and astrocyte activity.

Descriptors:

• brain injuries
• memory disorders
• learning
• trauma
• cognition
• cell physiological processes
• peripheral nervous system
• cellular structures
• cerebrovascular disorders
• neuroimaging
• neurons
• craniocerebral trauma
• neuroglia
• cardiovascular system
• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• metabolism
• insulin

Subject Categories:

• Medicine and Medical Research
• Weapons Effects (Biological)
• Psychology

Distribution Statement:

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE